A method for identifying running states of a photovoltaic power station on the basis of electric quantity loss feature parameters comprises the following steps of firstly, performing calculation to obtain electric quantity loss information of various generation units of the photovoltaic power station by using historical data of an energy management system (EMS) of the photovoltaic power station; secondly, establishing running state identifying models of the various photovoltaic generation units by using a support vector machine method and fitting a mapping relation between electric quantity loss information feature parameters and the running state; and finally, identifying the running states of the various photovoltaic generation units by using the running state identifying models so as to obtain a running state set of the whole photovoltaic power station. Workload on monitoring of the photovoltaic generation units can be reduced, operating personnel can find out faults of modules and systems in time, and an important scientific basis is provided for running and maintenance of the photovoltaic power station.