The invention discloses a preparation method of an electrophoretic deposition nano-wire strengthened and toughened SiC anti-oxidation coating. By adopting the preparation method, the technical problem that an existing preparation method is poor in controllability can be solved. A technical scheme of the preparation method comprises the following steps: depositing nano-wires on the surface of a C/C composite material by using an electrophoretic process, also performing micro-oxidation treatment on the C/C composite material in advance to improve the surface structure so as to facilitate nano-wire deposition, and implementing precise control of the content and thicknesses of the nano-wires by virtue of the change of electrophoresis parameters; and preparing an SiC coating by virtue of chemical vapor deposition. SiC nano-wires subjected to electrophoretic deposition are uniform in distribution and controllable in thickness; the nano-wires are deposited in channels and pores which are formed in a micro-oxidation process to ensure that the coating can be well combined with a substrate, and thus the possibility of coating peeling failure can be reduced; the SiC nano-wires can be used for strengthening and toughening the coating, and thus the performance of the coating can be improved; and meanwhile, because the sizes and numbers of cracks in the coating can be reduced by the SiC nano-wires, a channel for diffusing oxygen to enter the substrate can be blocked, so that the coating prepared by using the method disclosed by the invention is excellent in anti-oxidation performance.