The invention provides a highly oil-containing monoraphidium and culture and application thereof, the monoraphidium strain is SS-B1, the classification and nomenclature of the monoraphidium is monoraphidium sp, the monoraphidium is preserved in CGMCC (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center) on April 15, 2013, and the preservation number is CGMCC No.7479. The monoraphidium strain is able to tolerate high concentrations of CO2 and SO2, highly oil-containing biological matters can be obtained by light autotrophic growth by use of CO2 and SO2 containing waste gas or flue gas, the carbon fixation efficiency is high, cell total lipid content accounts for more than 40% of dry cell weight, and biodiesel can be produced.