The invention relates to a microgrid energy optimization method based hybrid energy storage dispatching under different time scales. Microgrid optimized dispatching is divided into day-ahead dispatching and real-time dispatching according to different time scales; for the day-ahead dispatching, the operation plan of future 24 hours is provided one day in advance, the time granularity is 1 hour, the connecting line interaction power and the fuel cell (FC) output are optimized according to the difference between the electricity prices in the peak and valley periods, and a storage battery (SB) is dispatched to achieve low-storage high-output interest arbitrage; the real-time dispatching coordinates with the day-ahead dispatching, the microsource output is allocated according to the day-ahead plan, the time granularity is 1 minute, the power fluctuation in the microgrid is smoothened by use of a first-order low-pass filtering algorithm, the filtered fluctuating power is distributed reasonably between storage battery energy accumulation and a super capacitor by use of a moving average filtering algorithm and then reference is provided for the optimized dispatching of hybrid energy storage.