The invention discloses a locomotive energy management system and method. In a vehicle-mounted system, a vehicle-mounted energy acquisition unit is used for acquiring energy information of a locomotive; a vehicle-mounted energy information management unit is used for obtaining operation state information and working condition information of the locomotive, route information and operation information of a driver, and obtaining energy optimization prompt information from a vehicle-mounted knowledge base according to the information; and a vehicle-mounted display unit is used for displaying the energy optimization prompt information. By virtue of the locomotive energy management system, locomotive energy can be effectively managed so that the energy utilization rate is extremely improved and the energy dispatching pressure is relieved; furthermore, an information technology can be used for finishing the guidance of locomotive energy optimization; and the working amount and learning cost of the driver and conductor of the locomotive are greatly reduced, and the manner of improving the energy optimization working level of the driver and conductor by training is changed.