The invention discloses a system and method of a power station boiler for treating and recycling heavy oil wastewater. The system comprises a heavy oil thermal recovery well, a silicon removal reactor and a softening reactor which are connected with one another in sequence, wherein the softening reactor is connected with a liquid inlet of an evaporator, a condensed water outlet of the evaporator is sequentially connected with a biological aerated filter and a desalting device, and a water producing outlet of the desalting device is connected with a power station boiler and steam turbine system; a silicon removal medicament dosing opening is formed in the silicon removal reactor, a softening medicament dosing opening is formed in the softening reactor, and a steam exhaust outlet of a steam turbine in the power station boiler and steam turbine system is connected with a heat source inlet of the evaporator; and a superheated steam outlet of the power station boiler in the power station boiler and steam turbine system is connected to the heavy oil thermal recovery well. By adopting the system disclosed by the invention, co-production of water, heat and electricity can be achieved, the heat energy can be effectively used, and the cycle thermal efficiency can be improved.