The invention discloses a magnetron sputtering winding coating machine capable of continuously coating in a single-sided reciprocated way, belonging to the field of vacuum coating equipment. The coating machine disclosed by the invention comprises a vacuum chamber, an unrolling mechanism, a cooling roller, a rolling mechanism, a small cathode chamber, a rotary target replacing device and two sets of error correcting devices, wherein the unrolling mechanism and the rolling mechanism are respectively provided with a set of error correcting device; the small cathode chamber and the rotary target replacing device are arranged at the lower part of the cooling roller, and the cooling roller, the small cathode chamber and the rotary target replacing device are located on the same axis; the rotary target replacing device comprises a stand, a rotary disk and electrode target seat plates uniformly distributed on the rotary disk; the electrode target seat plates rotate to the downside of the small cathode chamber and outwards extend so as to embed target cores into the small cathode chamber; and the unrolling mechanism and the rolling mechanism drive a base band to reciprocate. By using the magnetron sputtering winding coating machine, cathode targets can be replaced in time under the condition that the vacuum chamber for coating is not opened, a plurality of film layers are coated by virtue of reciprocation of a base material, and each layer of film is coated alone, so that film layer parameters are conveniently controlled; and the magnetron sputtering winding coating machine is compact in structure and small in occupied space.