The invention belongs to the technical field of Amomum tsao-ko cultivation and particularly relates to a method for improving the population yield of Amomum tsao-ko through type match. The fruiting character of the OND type Amomum tsao-ko is obviously better than that of the OOU type Amomum tsao-ko, and therefore the population yield and quality of Amomum tsao-ko cultivation can be remarkably improved by reasonably allocating the proportions of the OND type Amomum tsao-ko and the OOU type Amomum tsao-ko in a cultivated population and appropriately increasing the proportion of the OND type Amomum tsao-ko in the population. The cultivation method specifically comprises five key links of carrying out OND and OOU type plant identification, carrying out self-pollination on the OND type Amomum tsao-ko and the OOU type Amomum tsao-ko respectively, carrying out bagged selfing, reserving seeds respectively, raising seedlings respectively, carrying out transplanting and colonization proportionally and the like. The method for improving the population yield of the Amomum tsao-ko through type match is low in application cost, easy to popularize, remarkable in yield-increasing effect and meanwhile capable of improving the quality of the Amomum tsao-ko.