The invention discloses a portable multifunctional gas regulating and controlling preservative box for a fruit and vegetable storage and transportation microenvironment. The preservative box comprises a relatively independent fruit and vegetable storage and transportation preservative microenvironment formed by a box body, a box cover and a rubber sealing ring between the box body and the box cover. A shockproof anti-skid frame and a shockproof mat are arranged at the bottom of the box body, an anti-skid raised disk and an anti-skid mat both matched with a grid type lifting box upper opening are arranged on the inner side of the box cover, and a stereoscopic internal package in a grid type lifting box placed in the box body is fixed; multiple vent holes are formed in the two symmetrical side walls of the box body, one-way breather valves or one-way breathing films with a selective breathing function are pasted on the multiple vent holes in the outer side of the box body, and one or two rubber self-sealing openings are mounted on the same side or the other two side faces of the box body. The purpose of maintaining the quality of stored preservative products to the maximum extent is achieved through spontaneous or manual regulating and controlling of gas in the microenvironment formed through the cooperation effect of the vent holes in the side walls of the box body, the one-way breather valves, the one-way breathing films, the rubber self-sealing openings and spontaneous breathing of fruits and vegetables in the box.