The invention discloses a dynamic reservoir capacity real-time monitoring system based on the Internet of Things. The dynamic reservoir capacity real-time monitoring system based on the Internet of Things comprises a management central server, wireless communication network and a plurality of dynamic reservoir capacity real-time monitoring terminals which are arranged on a water return riverway in a reservoir area. A Zigbee sub-network is formed by the dynamic reservoir capacity real-time monitoring terminals, a plurality of Zigbee sub-networks transmit real-time reservoir dynamic capacity information to the management central server through the wireless communication network, and the real-time reservoir dynamic capacity information is displayed, analyzed and managed by the management central server in a unified mode. Each dynamic reservoir capacity real-time monitoring terminal comprises a microprocessor, a water level and flow sensor module, a Flash data storage module, a battery power module and a Zigbee module, wherein the water level and flow sensor module, the Flash data storage module, the battery power module and the Zigbee module are connected with the microprocessor. By the adoption of the reservoir dynamic capacity real-time monitoring system based on the Internet of Things, the real-time change information of the reservoir dynamic capacity is monitored, calculated and transmitted in real time, dam break accidents caused by improper flood regulation of a reservoir are prevented, and damage to lives and properties of residents in a downstream residential area of the reservoir is also prevented.