The invention provides a multi robot path planning method based on a multi-target artificial bee colony algorithm and belongs to the technical field of path planning. The method includes path planning problem environment modeling, multi-target artificial bee colony algorithm parameter initialization, three-variety bee iteration optimization path and non-inferior solution determination, good path reservation by sequencing and optimum path set outputting. By means of the method, the standard artificial bee colony algorithm is improved based on the concept of non-domination sequence of Pareto domination and crowd distance, and the multi-target artificial bee colony algorithm applicable to solving the multi-target optimization problem is provided. In the path planning process, multiple performance indexes of path length, smoothness and safety are considered in the algorithm, and a group of Pareto optimum paths can be acquired through one-step path planning. The path planning method belongs to meta-heuristic intelligent optimization methods, is different from the traditional single-target path planning method, and can well adapt to path planning tasks in complex environment.