The invention provides a vacuum sticking method for a Stirling cryocooler piston and wear-resistant materials. The vacuum sticking method comprises the steps that the piston, the wear-resistant materials and an adhesive are placed into a vacuum glove box, wherein the wear-resistant materials and the adhesive are placed at a heating area inside the vacuum glove box; the wear-resistant materials and the adhesive are heated for a period of time at the certain temperature; the adhesive evenly coats the outer circumferential face of the sticking end of the piston and the surface of an inner hole of the sticking end of the wear-resistant materials; the sticking end of the piston is rotationally screwed into the inner hole of the sticking end of the wear-resistant materials, so that the piston and the wear-resistant materials are stuck; the obtained stuck sample piece is placed at the heating area inside the vacuum glove box for solidification. According to the vacuum sticking method, the Stirling cryocooler piston and the wear-resistant materials are well stuck firmly, the long-term sticking stability of the piston and the wear-resistant materials is improved, and the service life of the Stirling cryocooler is prolonged.