The invention discloses a water washing robot aiming system and method based on laser ranging and image recognition. The system comprises a network camera and an on-line laser rangefinder, wherein an industrial control computer receives signals collected by the network camera and the on-line laser rangefinder; the on-line laser rangefinder makes a red light spot above an observation apparatus; the red light spot position is a water washing position; the network camera collects an on-site image; the red light spot is automatically identified through a color recognition algorithm, so that coordinate information of the red light spot in the image space can be obtained, and then a water gun aiming position can be determined; the information of the water gun aiming position is fed back to a robot controller; the robot is controlled to move and the water gun aiming position is controlled to be in an appointed position. According to the system and the method, visual guidance control of an electrified water washing system is realized through a robot vision related algorithm, so the automation degree of the robot is effectively improved and a relatively high effect on improving the robot washing efficiency is realized.