The invention relates to a device for simulating reciprocating flow riverway in-situ bottom mud resuspension and a simulation technology thereof. According to the device for simulating the reciprocating flow riverway in-situ bottom mud resuspension, an upstream flow water level control device comprises a first water inlet pipe, an upstream water level control water tank, an upstream backflow simulation water tank, a first siphon backflow pipe and a first water outlet pipe; a water tank device comprises a water tank body, a bottom mud tank, a flow velocity gauge, a turbidity meter and at least two sampling ports; a downstream tide simulation control device comprises a tide water level control tank, a second siphon backflow pipe, a tide backflow simulation water tank, a backflow water tank, an overflow pipe, a variable frequency water pump and a second water outlet pipe; an experiment platform automatic control device comprises a first resistance-type liquid level meter, a second resistance-type liquid level meter, a first pulling line, a second pulling line, a first direct current brushless motor, a second direct current brushless motor, a first movable pulling plate and a second movable pulling plate. The simulation technology comprises the steps of bottom mud preparing, overlying water preparing, flow velocity gauge and turbidity meter installing, unidirectional flow simulating, tide reciprocating flow simulating and water sample measuring. The simulation accuracy is high, and the device for simulating the reciprocating flow riverway in-situ bottom mud resuspension and the simulation technology thereof can be popularized.