The invention discloses an optical fiber of a stimulated Brillouin scattering effect enhancement type, and the optical fiber comprises a fiber core and a wrapping layer surrounding the fiber core. The radius a of the fiber core is from 1 [mu]m to 7 [mu]m, and the fiber core is doped with one of GeO2, P2O, and Al2O3. The wrapping layer is doped with a material F. The relation between the refractive index difference delta n between the fiber core and the wrapping layer and the radius a of the fiber meets the conditions: a*a*delta n is greater than zero and not greater than 0120 [mu]m[2]. The relation between the sound speed difference delta V1 between the fiber core and the wrapping layer and the radius a of the fiber meets the conditions: a*a*delta V1 is greater than zero and not greater than 225 [mu]m[2]*m/s, so as to excite and generate single optical mode and single sound mode constraint stably in the optical fiber at the same time. The fiber core and the wrapping layer are respectively doped with different materials, thereby obtaining the common excitation of an acousto-optic field. A single brillouin gain peak is formed in the optical fiber through coupling. The position of the gain peak of a gain spectrum of the optical fiber is higher in gain coefficient, and the full width at half maximum of a brillouin gain spectrum is narrower and is about 10 MHz. Moreover, the optical fiber also can improve an absolute value of a chromatic dispersion parameter while enhancing the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect, and effectively inhibits an four-wave mixing effect nearby a normally-used working band window 1.55 [mu]m.