The invention discloses a tour inspection robot global path planning method based on topological point classification and a system. Considering the facts that the tour-inspection path of a robot inside a transformer station is linear, the robot docking points beyond an equipment zone are few and the docking points of the robot inside the equipment zone are in the same linear path, the global path planning method disclosed by the invention is designed based on the characteristic, which can effectively reduce the path planning calculation and storage consumption and can satisfy the demand of the robot for on-line driving path planning according to the special tour inspection task. The classifying and merging are performed through the topological points of the docking points according to the path, a directed graph data structure corresponding to the topological points is established, and then only the current position of the robot and the topological points of a target position are inserted into the directed graph data structure when the path is being planned. The inspection tour robot global path planning method based on topological point classification and the system can obviously reduce the quantity of the topological points involving in the calculation, can improve the calculation efficiency of the path planning and reduce the consumption of the storage space.