Provided is a high temperature water pump of a mechanical seal and vortex pump closed type self-circular system. A bearing transmission component is installed on the front portion of a shaft. A mechanical seal structure is arranged in the middle of the shaft in a sleeving mode and comprises a moving ring and a static ring which are arranged on the shaft in a sleeving mode. A vortex pump is arranged on the shaft in a sleeving mode and located between the moving ring and the static ring. A gland is buckled on the vortex pump. The vortex pump comprises a pump shell, a thick disc impeller rotating along with the shaft is arranged inside the pump shell, multiple radial small blades of the same structure are evenly machined on the two sides of the external circle of the thick disc impeller, a runner where water flows is arranged between the pump shell and the thick disc impeller, and an inlet and an outlet are formed in the upper portion of the pump shell. By using the mechanical seal structure of the vortex pump, the sealing effect is good, leakage is not prone to occurring and the safety performance is improved; as the cooling and lubrication effects are good and the efficient and automatic flushing cooling of the mechanical seal can be achieved, the advantages that the mechanical seal is not prone to being damaged, the service life of the mechanical seal is greatly prolonged, and the operation reliability of the pump is improved are achieved.