The invention relates to an automatically inflatable oil absorption boom. The automatically inflatable oil absorption boom comprises oil absorption boom units, wherein each oil absorption boom unit is connected to other oil absorption boom units by connection buckles, and the oil absorption boom unit comprises oil absorption material. The automatically inflatable oil absorption boom is characterized in that the oil absorption material is arranged inside a mesh enclosure; a rubber pneumatic bag is arranged in the oil absorption material and is communicated with a gas bottle through an inflation tube; the gas bottle is fixed outside the mesh enclosure by a gas bottle fixing band; and a water dissolving excitation device is arranged on the head of the gas bottle. The automatically inflatable oil absorption boom has the advantages that as the pneumatic bags are used as floating bodies, the automatically inflatable oil absorption boom has good wave riding performance and strong capacity of enclosing and controlling oil stains on water surfaces; and the automatically inflatable oil absorption boom is convenient and fast in laying and high in oil absorption efficiency and has good enclosing and controlling effects on overflowed oil.