The present invention relates to a system for quickly receiving and distributing power transmission and transformation equipment state monitoring big data, comprising a master control node, a plurality of data nodes, and a subscription process node, wherein the master control node receives monitoring data from an electric power system, establishes a mapping relation between subscription processes and data priority queues, and comprises a load equalizer, the load equalizer uniformly transmits data required to be distributed to the plurality of data nodes according to the mapping relation; each data node assigns a unique id to each received message, each data priority queue corresponds to one index table in a memory of the data node, each row of the index table corresponds to one message box, the value of the row is the id of the first message in the corresponding message box; and the subscription process node obtains subscribed monitoring data from the data nodes. The system of the present invention designs a distributed message buffer queue which takes data priority into account by means of a burgeoning memory cluster technology, thereby achieving quick collection, caching and effective distribution of monitoring big data.