The invention relates to the field of butene oxidation dehydrogenation, in particular to a process for recovering heat of butene oxidation dehydrogenation reaction produced gas. The heat of the reaction produced gas is recovered in the three stages that heat exchange is performed on the reaction produced gas and medium-pressure steam, the reaction produced gas is cooled to 430-460 DEG C after heat exchange, and the medium-pressure steam returns to a reactor to be used as reaction steam after being warmed; the reaction produced gas enters a waste heat boiler again for second-stage recovery, the reaction produced gas is cooled to 135-180 DEG C after recovery, and byproduct low-pressure steam of the waste heat boiler is reused as reaction steam; the reaction produced gas enters a rear heat exchanger for third-stage recovery, waste heat water recovers the heat of the reaction produced gas in the rear heat exchanger, one part of the waste heat water obtained after heat absorption is used for preheating raw material butene, the other part of the waste heat water enters a heat pump, and the reaction produced gas is cooled to 75-80 DEG C. According to the process, the heat of the reaction produced gas is effectively recovered in the three stages, and the heat recovery rate is high.