The invention relates to a device and method for achieving laser rapid molding of superhigh molecular weight polymer. The device comprises a laser emission end, a press roll, an infrared thermometer, a signal processing device and a master control system. The laser emission end is used for emitting a laser beam used for irradiating and melting superhigh molecular weight polymer powder. The press roll is used for compacting the superhigh molecular weight polymer in the sintering position of the laser beam. The infrared thermometer is used for monitoring temperature changes of the sintering position. The signal processing device is used for feeding back a technological parameter adjusting signal to the master control system according to a temperature signal. The master control system controls the laser emission end and the press roll according to the technological parameter adjusting signal. The method comprises the steps of powder pre-laying, parameter presetting, sintering compacting, real-time control and molding finishing. According to the device and method, air holes can be effectively prevented from being formed in molded parts; the situation that the superhigh molecular weight polymer is oxidized and decomposed due to excess temperature or heat accumulation is avoided; therefore, high-quality molding of the superhigh molecular weight polymer is achieved, and good molding of the superhigh molecular weight polymer is achieved.