The invention discloses a high-performance steel bridge deck paving structure, and belongs to the technical field of bridge deck pavement. The high-performance steel bridge deck paving structure comprises a paving layer, wherein the paving layer is paved on a steel bridge deck plate, the high-performance steel bridge deck paving structure is characterized in that a water-proof bonding layer is arranged between the paving layer and the steel bridge deck plate, and a plurality of cross-shaped steel bar shearing resistant components are fixed on the steel bridge deck plate. Compared with the prior art, the high-performance steel bridge deck paving structure disclosed by the invention utilizes the effective combination of reconstruction of a rough surface of a steel bridge deck, a water-proof system and the paving layer to obtain the steel bridge deck paving structure which is convenient to produce, easy to compact and good in water-proof effect, planeness, interlaminar bonding force, skid resistant property and fatigue resistant property, and the high-performance steel bridge deck paving structure can be widely used for new construction and maintenance engineering of various steel bridge decks.