The invention relates to an amphibious individual soldier carrying backpack. The amphibious individual soldier carrying backpack comprises a main backpack, an auxiliary backpack, a folding air bag and a fixing device. The main backpack comprises a main backpack body and a main backpack cover. The folding air bag is of an annular structure. The fixing device comprises a cushion plate, short-side fastening belts sewn and fixed to the front side and the rear side of the cushion plate in the width direction, and long-side fastening belts sewn and fixed to the left end and the right end of the cushion plate in the length direction. A rescue and camping dual-purpose air bag is provided with multiple hanging rings or hanging holes. A high-pressure air cylinder for inflating an inflatable bag body through a one-way air tap is placed in an auxiliary side backpack body. The amphibious individual soldier carrying backpack achieves the amphibious carrying functions that the backpack can be dragged in a floating mode on the waterside and can be carried on the back by an individual soldier or lifted by two soldiers on land, achieves the protection functions of waterproofness, dampproofness and the like, and meets the requirements of infantries in the army of China for carrying and protection of arms and ammunition in the swimming-in-battle-gear and beach-head processes.