The invention discloses a combined-type absorption tube sampling and sorting box and an operation method of the same, which belong to the technical field of occupational health and environmental protection and comprise a box body, a box cover, a damping layer, a splitter plate, a slide way neck, unit modules, a module seal cover and an energy absorption cover. The combined-type absorption tube sampling and sorting box and the operation method of the same provided by the invention design the unit modules which have a consistent external structure, wherein the unit modules are installed inside the box body by the slide way neck, and the energy absorption covers with different types can be packaged through different kinds of design of a cavity structure of the energy absorption cover. The energy absorption sleeve has functions of damping and pressure reduction and the damping layer is also disposed inside the box body, so that safety of the absorption tube during transportation is fully guaranteed, and a sealing function of the unit module also prevents toxic substances from polluting other sampling articles even the absorption tube is broken sometimes. The combined-type absorption tube sampling and sorting box and the operation method of the same provided by the invention can simultaneously store the absorption tubes of all the types, save sorting boxes and a lot of space, and are suitable for extensive generalization.