A load change adaptive steel wire rope traction lifting system is suitable for lifting systems of large-tonnage goods elevators, mining elevators and mines. The load change adaptive steel wire rope traction lifting system comprises a lifting container and a rope pulley lifting system. The rope pulley lifting system comprises a hoist engine house control system, fixed pulley sets arranged in an engine house and a shaft bottom pit, and rope pulley sets arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the lifting container. The rope pulley sets arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the top and bottom of the lifting container are each symmetrically provided with a plurality of pulleys in a front row, a middle row and a rear row, the fixed pulley sets in a hoister and a shaft bottom each comprise a plurality of fixed pulleys corresponding to the pulleys at the top and bottom of the lifting container in position, and a middle steel wire rope driven by a traction sheave is symmetrically divided towards two side edges and is symmetrically wound for lifting, so that the starting and operating stability of the lifting system is improved. When the system operates, no matter how lifting loads change within a nominal load range, the specific value of tension in the rope on the two sides of the traction sheave is constant, and a traditional mode of balance weight balancing is not needed for reducing the requirement for the full load and large idle load fluctuation.