The invention relates to a method for extracting selenium and tellurium in a zinc sulfate solution through high aluminum alloy zinc powder and belongs to the field of metallurgy. The method includes the specific steps that the high aluminum alloy zinc powder is prepared; 0.2-1.5 g/L of the high aluminum alloy zinc powder is added to the zinc sulfate solution, a stirring machine is controlled at the rotating speed of 70-160 r/min to stir the solution for 30-60 minutes, and the temperature of the solution is controlled within 55-92 DEG C; the zinc sulfate solution obtained after stirring and purification are conducted is filtered through a filter pressing device, and qualified filtering liquor is obtained to be treated through next process; and filtered residues are treated separately. According to the method, the high aluminum alloy zinc powder is added to the zinc sulfate solution, due to the fact that the electrode potential of aluminum is more negative than that of zinc, the replaceability of the aluminum is higher than that of zinc, and the selenium and tellurium in the solution can be replaced and removed under the weak acid zinc condition; and in the zinc sulfate solution close to neutralization, aluminum ions generated in an aluminum replacement reaction form colloid with positive charge, acid group ions with positive charge of the selenium and tellurium in the zinc sulfate solution are adsorbed, the purifying effect is better, and cost is lower.