The invention relates to a lithium ion battery pack equalization management system and equalization control method. Equalization protection is performed on each battery in a battery pack formed by multiple batteries connected in series. When a single-pole single-throw (SPST) switch is switched on according to a control signal output by an equalization controller corresponding to a battery pack, the energy of the battery pack passes a corresponding transformer to charge the battery with constant current controlled by a corresponding constant current module. A double-pole single-throw (DPST) switch connected in parallel with the corresponding battery is connected with a double-pole double-throw (DPDT) switch corresponding to the battery pack, is connected with a constant current source or constant current load selected by the switched-on DPDT switch when being switched on according to the control signal output by the equalization controller, charges the corresponding battery with constant current by means of the constant current source corresponding to the battery pack or discharges the corresponding battery with constant current by means of the constant current load corresponding to the battery pack in an equalized manner. The lithium ion battery pack equalization management system and equalization control method may effectively improve the consistency of the battery pack and satisfy an application demand of a large system such as an energy storage power station or the like.