The invention relates to a nickel nanofiber membrane for membrane catalysis. The nickel nanofiber membrane is composed of a thermoplastic polymer nanofiber membrane and a nickel nano membrane deposited on the thermoplastic polymer nanofiber surface and comprises components in mass of 14%-75% of the thermoplastic polymer nanofiber membrane and 25%-86% of the nickel nano membrane. A preparation process adopts the method that thermoplastic polymers and cellulose acetate butyrate are subjected to blending melt spinning in proportion, thermoplastic polymer nanofibers are prepared through solvent extraction and dispersed and coated to the surface of a smooth substrate, and the thermoplastic polymer nanofiber membrane is taken down after drying. The nanofiber membrane is placed into a nickel bath with a certain formula for chemical nickel-plating after allergy and activating treatment and dried after taken out to obtain the nickel nanofiber membrane for membrane catalysis. The process is simple, the cost is low, and large scale preparation is easy to implement. The nickel nanofiber membrane for membrane catalysis has the characteristics that the porosity is high, the pore diameter is controllable, the flux is large, the catalytic activity is high, and separation is easy.