The invention discloses an automobile suspension shock absorber control system and method. The automobile suspension shock absorber control system comprises an automobile body vertical vibration acceleration sensor, a state observer, a controller and a magnetorheological shock absorber. The state observer can recognize and predict the running state of an automobile body and the running road condition only according to an automobile body vertical vibration acceleration sensor signal, and other on-board sensors are not needed. The controller adjusts the current value of an electromagnetic coil in a piston rod of the magnetorheological shock absorber in real time according to an estimated result of the state observer, and then real-time control over the performance of the magnetorheological shock absorber is achieved. The automobile suspension shock absorber control system has good working conditions all the time under various automobile conditions and road conditions, is suitable for various road and non-road vehicles, and is especially suitable for the high-end passenger automobile and new energy automobile market.