The invention discloses a system and a method for insulator pollution removal by using an unmanned aerial vehicle. The system comprises the unmanned aerial vehicle and a ground control platform, wherein the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises an image obtaining unit, a flight unit and a pollution removing unit; and the ground control platform comprises an image analysis unit, a flight analysis unit, a pollution removing analysis unit, a display unit, an input unit and an instruction unit. The method uses obtained images, flight and pollution removing data for building corresponding models, and selects proper parameters according to corresponding analog pollution removing results to generate corresponding instructions so as to control the flight unit and the pollution removing unit to finish the insulator pollution removal. The system and the method can detect and remove pollutions of insulators on high-tension cables, so that the condition of electricity leakage of the high-tension cables caused by the decrement of insulation capacity of the insulators due to the pollutions is largely reduced, and the working efficiency of circuit polling is improved.