The invention belongs to the field of biomedical materials, and particularly relates to an artificial bionic periosteum based on bionic mineralized calcium and phosphorus nanoparticle micropatterning and a preparing method of the artificial bionic periosteum. The artificial bionic periosteum is prepared by the following method that: firstly, a micropatterning bionic mineralized calcium and phosphorus nanoparticle layer is prepared on the surface of an inert substrate; then, macromolecule organic matters are crosslinked and cured on the micropatterning bionic mineralized calcium and phosphorus nanoparticle layer; and finally, the inert substrate is removed, and the artificial bionic periosteum based on bionic mineralized calcium and phosphorus nanoparticle micropatterning is obtained. The artificial bionic periosteum has the advantages that the composition of a natural bone are simulated in the aspect of material ingredients; the highly bionic effect in the micrometer/nanometer scale is achieved in the aspect of the structure; the self assembly of mineralized ossein is realized in the nanometer scale; the ordered structure of tissue materials of the natural bone is simulated in the micrometer dimension; the distribution of mesenchymal stem cells can be regulated and controlled, so that the cells are effectively limited on the calcium and phosphorus particle micropatterning surface; and the highly ordered directional arrangement is realized.