The disclosure relates to a bio-artificial periosteum based on micropatterning of biomimetic mineralized calcium-phosphorus nanoparticles and a method for manufacturing the same. The method includes: first, a micropatterned biomimetic mineralized calcium-phosphorus nanoparticle layer is manufactured on a surface of an inert substrate; then, an organic polymer is cross-linked and solidified on the micropatterned biomimetic mineralized calcium-phosphorus nanoparticle layer; at last, the inert substrate is removed, so that the bio-artificial periosteum based on micropatterning of biomimetic mineralized calcium-phosphorus nanoparticles is obtained. The bio-artificial periosteum not only simulates the composition of natural bone in material components, but also realizes high degree of biomimesis in micro-nano size in structure. Moreover, the distribution of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can be regulated by the bio-artificial periosteum, so that the cells can be effectively defined on a surface of calcium-phosphorus particle micropattern and a high degree of ordered alignment thereof can be realized.