The invention discloses a preparation method of an ordered mesoporous carbon material, wherein the method comprises the steps: 1) at room temperature, placing a structure-directing agent and a carbon precursor in a reactor; 2) at the temperature of 50-350 DEG C, carrying out heat treatment for 10-720 minutes; and 3) roasting the product obtained in the step 2) at the temperature of 400-800 DEG C and in an inert atmosphere, and thus obtaining the ordered mesoporous carbon material. The method for direct heating of solid mixtures is adopted, while the structure-directing agent, the carbon precursor and a functionalized precursor are subjected to molecular-level self-diffusion balance, the self-assembly process is completed, and then the ordered mesoporous carbon material or functionalized mesoporous carbon material is obtained through roasting; therefore, mechanical grinding and the separation problem between a mesoscopic-phase intermediate and equipment due to grinding are completely avoided, the operation is simplified, the cost is reduced, and the synthesized mesoporous carbon material has good mesoscopic orderliness and larger specific surface area and pore volume.