The invention provides a darkroom type security inspection device and method. The device comprises a shell and components, wherein the shell forms a closed darkroom and the components are arranged inside the shell. The components inside the shell are communicated through connecting pipelines or joints. The darkroom type security inspection device comprises a sampling system, a sample processing system and a detection system. The sampling system comprises a sample collection device and a conveying device used for conveying a detected object to the sample collection device so as to facilitate inspection. The sample processing system is used for concentrating samples and analyzing the samples. The detection system detects components of the samples through a gas chromatography-ionic migration spectrometer (GC-IMS) or an independent ionic migration spectrometer. The darkroom type security inspection device can conveniently, rapidly and effectively conduct sampling and accurately and rapidly conduct detection, and is suitable for rapid screening and detection of forbidden objects at an airport, customs and other places without unpacking or damage of objects to be detected.