The invention provides a lithium ion battery combustion detection method. The detection method comprises steps as follows: arranging a collection device; determining a trigger mode; starting a fire source to cause battery combustion; collecting data; clearing residues and ejecta. The lithium ion battery combustion detection method provided by the invention has the advantages that the method is used for detecting the excitation source critical condition for inducing lithium ion battery combustion, high-temperature resistance as well as firing and combustion process and products of a battery, targeted prevention and control are realized, and the safety of the lithium ion battery is greatly improved.