The invention discloses a method for separating a near-shaft structure reflected wave and a shaft wall direct wave. The method comprises that waveform retardation, gain compensation calculation and frequency domain band-pass filtering are carried out to array sound wave logging data in a depth interval to obtain a to-be-separated mode wave; mode wave slowness in the logging depth interval is worked out, and arrival correction is carried out to waveform data of the array sound wave under each measurement depth, so that the direct wave under each depth has the same first arrival and a consistent co-phase axis; a calibration interval is selected and a system function is designed in order to reduce energy and a wave packet cycle of the direct wave under each depth in the interval; the direct waves with the consistent co-phase axis in the depth interval are filtered by slide weighted averaging and energy subtraction; and energy of the reflected wave is strengthened by inverse attenuation compensation. The method for separating the near-shaft structure reflected wave and the shaft wall direct wave disclosed by the invention can stably restrain the wave packet energy of the direct waves and noise signs in actual logging materials, so that the problems in a former reflected wave separation method such as that calculation efficiency is low and actual material processing has poor robustness can be solved.