The invention discloses a Mapreduce two-step short-period load prediction method based on a deviation control mechanism. The method comprises the steps that 1) an ARMA method is used to obtain a relative error value of prediction without consideration of influential factors of load; and an SVM method is used to implement secondary load prediction by taking the relative error value of prediction and the daily average temperature of a point to be predicted as the influential factors, the prediction value is corrected on the basis of prediction of the first step, and the deviation of load is controlled and predicted. The ARMA method and the SVM method are used simultaneously to realize Mapreduce, the speed-up ratio and expansibility are higher, the real-time temperature data is utilized, parallel operation prediction is carried out in the Hadoop platform, and short-period real-time load prediction is realized on the basis that the prediction speed and precision are ensured.