The invention relates to the field of robot operation, and particularly relates to a Kinect visual information-based robot environment identification and operation control method. The invention is aimed to solve the problem of the low stability and the low accuracy of the conventional robot sensing systems and to solve the problems that a preset task is difficult to fulfill due to the instability of operation control or the required time is too long, and an operation process is complicated. The Kinect visual information-based robot environment identification and operation control method includes the following steps: 1 acquiring color images and depth information by a Kinect sensor a; 2 displaying the aligned color images and depth information; 3 acquiring environment information of a robot; 4 acquiring three-dimensional coordinate information of key points; 5 calculating a required motion track of the robot based on the coordinate information of the key points; 6 issuing a specific motion instruction to the robot. The Kinect visual information-based robot environment identification and operation control method is suitable for the field of the robot operation.