The invention provides a buffer data processing method and device; the method comprises the following steps: obtaining data block feature values, comparing the feature values with a preset threshold, and processing the data block according to the comparison result; determining a corresponding buffer data processing strategy according to obtained buffer data visit frequency, a first survival time threshold, and a second survival time threshold. When the buffer data works, the survival time can be self-decided according to visit frequency, so the survival time of the buffer data can be more reasonable; infrequently visited data is called out from the buffer data, thus saving space; the frequently visited data resides in the buffer data so as to improve a hit rate, thus accelerating visit speed, and improving visit efficiency.