The invention relates to a pantograph and an electric vehicle adopting the pantograph. The pantograph comprises a pantograph pole plate component and a base arranged at the lower part of the pantograph pole plate component, wherein the pantograph pole plate component comprises two pantograph pole plates which are arranged in parallel; a height self-adaptive device is respectively connected between each of the two pantograph pole plates and the base; and each height self-adaptive device comprises an elastic device for adapting to the vertical motion of each pantograph pole plate and a guiding device for guiding each pantograph pole plate in the vertical direction. When the electric vehicle is charged, the pantograph pole plates of the pantograph are in contact with a charging rack plate of a charging device, and then the pantograph pole plates suffer from contact pressure; and under the action of the contact pressure, the heights of the pantograph pole plates are self-adaptively adjusted through the height self-adaptive devices. An insulating shaft can rotate relative to a first insulating piece, so that the pantograph pole plates can incline for certain angles, and the inclination angles of the pantograph pole plates can be self-adaptively adjusted.