The invention discloses a high-accuracy locating system of an energy-saving type heavy-load distribution trolley and a control method of the high-accuracy locating system and relates to the technical field of conveying machines. The high-accuracy locating system of the energy-saving type heavy-load distribution trolley comprises a walking locating system and an electrical control system. The walking locating system comprises the distribution trolley, a guide rail, a stock bin and a locating device. The distribution trolley comprises a frame, a discharging device, a conveying device and a motor. The discharging device comprises a discharger, a hydraulic station, a synchronous valve and a radar level gauge. The locating device comprises a proximity switch, stop iron and a rotary encoder. The electrical control system comprises an industrial personal computer, a PLC and a frequency converter. By the adoption of the system and method, materials are fully automatically distributed in the material conveying process, the discharging flow can be adjusted, operation is convenient, localization is accurate, reliability is high, and potential safety hazards are completely eradicated; and energy consumption is reduced by optimizing the operation route of the distribution trolley and the labor intensity of workers is relieved.