The invention discloses a large-diameter steel pipe concrete column with built-in longitudinal partition plates and a construction method of the large-diameter steel pipe concrete column. The large-diameter steel pipe concrete column comprises a steel pipe and the N partition plates built in the steel pipe, wherein N ranges from 3 to 5 and is a natural number, the N partition plates are of the same structure and are longitudinally arranged, and that is, the plate length directions of the partition plates are all consistent with the axial direction of the steel pipe. The edges of the lateral sides of the N partition plates are sequentially connected with one another through connector buckles and connecting plates and make contact with the inner wall of the steel pipe through the connector buckles. A closed space is formed after the N partition plates are connected. The space formed by the N partition plates and the space between the partition plates and the steel pipe are filled with concrete through pouring. The longitudinal partition plates are built in the steel pipe concrete column, and therefore on one hand, the hoop effect on concrete in the steel pipe can be improved, and on the other hand, the built-in partition plates have a heat conduction bridge function, and the temperature difference of concrete in the steel pipe is decreased. Meanwhile, the invention discloses the construction method of the large-diameter steel pipe concrete column.