The invention provides an anodizing method improving protection performance of aluminum and aluminum alloy. An anodizing solution is formed by mixing at least one of inorganic salt of sulfuric acid, sodium borate, malic acid and cerium and water according to the proportion. A voltage control manner is adopted in anodizing for anodizing treatment on aluminum or aluminum alloy materials. An anodized film layer prepared through the method is good in corrosion resistance, good in combining performance with an organic paint film and low in fatigue performance on a base body and has the beneficial effects of being simple in technology, stable in performance, high in film forming efficiency and small in environment pollution. Organic-inorganic hybrid chromium-free closing method is selected after anodizing, chromium and other poisonous and harmful substances are not contained in confining liquid completely, and waste liquid discharging does not exist in the sealing process. The sealed anodized film layer is good in corrosion resistance, and the combining force of an original anodized film layer paint film is not influenced. The anodizing method and the sealing method can be used for replacing traditional chromic acid anodizing, sulfuric acid anodizing and dichromate sealing technologies and is applied to protection of aluminum and aluminum material surfaces of various industries such as aviation.