The invention discloses an ore intelligent sorting control system based on ray transmission recognition. The system comprises a linkage and security protection system, a three-degree-of-freedom pneumatic sorting system, an X-ray transmission data acquisition system and an upper computer control system. The linkage and security protection system carries out linkage detection and control on action of the whole sorting control system. The three-degree-of-freedom pneumatic sorting system is composed of a high-speed electromagnetic valve, a nozzle, a gas storage tank, an air compressor, a filtering decompression valve and a three-degree-of-freedom automatic adjusting control device. The X-ray transmission data acquisition system comprises an X-ray source, a cooling device, a safety protective cover, a transmission energy detection sensor and a signal processing system. The upper computer control system is obtained through a high-performance industrial personal computer, and a PLC control system drives the high-speed electromagnetic valve to conduct ore sorting. The system can effectively solve the problems that existing equipment for pre-selecting before grinding is small in processing amount and poor in sorting precision.