The invention discloses a liquid phase melt impregnation-based C/ZrC composite material and a preparation method thereof. The C/ZrC composite material is prepared through liquid phase melt impregnation of zirconium carbide on a carbon fiber fabricated part with the carbon fiber fabricated part as a reinforcement and zirconium carbide as a matrix. The preparation method of the C/ZrC composite material comprises the steps of melt impregnation, pressuring mineralization, cracking, densification, high temperature reaction and redensification. The preparation method has the advantages of cheap and easily available raw materials, high densification efficiency, short preparation cycle and low preparation cost, and the C/ZrC composite material prepared in the invention has the characteristics of high melting point and excellent ablation resistance, and is an important candidate material for ultrahigh temperature heat protection of ultrahigh acoustic velocity aircrafts.