The invention relates to a machining technology for improving the fatigue damage resisting performance of a 2xxx aluminum alloy plate. The machining technology comprises the following steps that 1, alloy is subjected to burdening smelting and is cast into an ingot casting; 2, the ingot casting is sequentially subjected to homogenization treatment, surface milling and aluminum cladding, preheating is carried out, and a hot rough-rolled plate is manufactured; 3, the hot rough-rolled plate is subjected to hot finishing and cold rolling deformation to the thickness of the finished plate; 4, recrystallization pre-annealing treatment is carried out, temperature is raised to 300-450 DEG C at the average speed of 10-300 DEG C/h or within 1.0-45 h, and heat preservation is carried out for 1-20 h; 5, solid solution hardening treatment is carried out, the solid solution temperature is 480-505 DEG C, and heat preservation time is 3-60 min; and 6, the plate is straightened, and natural ageing is carried out to the stable state. According to the machining technology, recrystallization pre-annealing treatment is added so that the L-ST section grain average equivalent diameter and grain length-width ratio of the plate can be effectively controlled, and the tensile mechanical property and fatigue crack spreading rate of the plate can both meet the AMS 4296 aviation standard requirement.