The invention discloses a service capability assessment method for an electric vehicle battery charging and replacement network. The method comprises the following steps: designing a sub-factor set of assessment factors in a first layer assessment factor set and a comprehensive assessment set: determining a weight of each sub-factor by adopting an analytic hierarchy process, and establishing a weight coefficient matrix; giving out an index assessment matrix by utilizing an expert scoring method, and establishing a comprehensive target assessment decision matrix; and then calculating a comprehensive assessment result, and calculating a total risk assessment score f by utilizing the comprehensive assessment result. According to the method, the fuzziness and hierarchy of the risk assessment factors of the battery charging and replacement service network are considered, and the performances of the factors in a system are determined in an expert scoring link, so that the capability assessment in the scheme is more objective. The calculating-examples analysis shows that the method can effectively assess the service capability level of each factor and provide a reference for normal operation of the electric vehicle battery charging and replacement service network.