The invention relates to a small-scale harvesting machine adopting a longitudinal axial flow cylinder sorting mode. The small-scale harvesting machine comprises a reel, a threshing cylinder, an inclined conveyor, a V-shaped belt wheel, a cylinder screen, a suction fan, a grain receiving tank, a belt wheel, a crawler wheel, an engine and a cutting table. The small-scale harvesting machine is characterized in that the reel is mounted on the cutting table; the cutting table is connected with the threshing cylinder and the inclined conveyor; the obliquely placed cylinder screen is connected behind the inclined conveyor; the grain receiving tank is arranged below the cylinder screen; the suction fan is directly opposite to the cylinder screen; the V-shaped belt wheel is used for transferring the power of the engine to the inclined cylinder screen; the engine is used for transferring the powder to the V-shaped belt wheel, the belt wheel and the suction fan; belt wheels on two sides of the belt wheel are connected through the belt wheel; and the crawler wheel is located at the bottom of the harvesting machine.