The invention discloses a synchronous laser cladding method of a copper-base-surface composite nickel-base alloy, belonging to the field of laser cladding. The method comprises the following steps: 1. carrying out overall ultrasonic flaw detection and surface staining flaw detection treatment on a copper plate to be cladded; 2. carrying out activation coating treatment on the copper plate surface; 3. preheating the overall copper plate to 300-450 DEG C, covering the periphery with 20-40mm-thick thermal-insulation cotton to reduce heat dissipation; 4. carrying out cladding by using a carbon dioxide transverse laser beam, carrying out inert gas protection on the melting bath, and carrying out cladding powder delivery by using nickel-base alloy powder; and 5. cooling the cladded copper plate in air to room temperature. According to the technical scheme, the coating treatment is performed on the copper product surface to lower the reflection rate of the copper product, thereby reducing the energy loss. The adopted nickel-base alloy powder has the advantages of high hardness and favorable binding property with the copper base, and enhances the wear resistance and service life of the copper plate.