The invention discloses a co-detection determination method of residual quantity of a preservative and an antioxidant in a water-based adhesive. The method of the invention comprises steps as follows: preparation of a sample solution, high performance liquid chromatography, calculation of determination results and the like. The co-detection determination method has advantages of short detection time, simple operation, high sensitivity, high recovery rate, good repeatability and the like. Under chromatographic conditions in the method, separation of chromatographic peaks of MI, CMI, BIT and BHT from chromatographic peaks of impurities is good, and correlation is good. Limits of detection are respectively 0.065, 0.121, 0.046 and 0.052 microgram/mL. The average recovery of standard addition at low-medium-high three addition levels is within 88.7-93.8%. The average relative standard deviation of sample determination results is less than 5%. It shows that the method has high recovery rate and good repeatability. The invention provides scientific basis for quality surveillance of the water-based adhesive.